24 Of Best Camera Lens Neutral Density Filters In 2024

TOP 1

K&F Concept 67mm ND Fader Variable Neutral Density Adjustable ND Filter ND2 to ND400

K&F Concept
SKU0127
0.11 pounds

Our Score

4.9

Product Features

67Mm Variable Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Microfiber is a type of fiber that is used to make This Professional Microfiber is made from Japanese raw materials, and it is very soft and easy to clean lenses, filters, and mobile phones, among other things.
K is included in this list.
[Professional Design] When Taking Photos, Use Super Slim Original Design To Avoid Vignetting.
Canon Rebel (T5I T4I T3I T3 T2I T1I Xt Xti Xsi Sl1), Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 600D 550D 500D 450D 400D 300D 1100D 1000D 100D) With 67Mm Lens Include: Ef- S 18- F/3, 135mm. 6, Ef- S 17- 85Mm F/4L Usm,Ef 70-85Mm F/4L Usm,Ef 70-85Mm F/4L Us 400mm F/300mm F/300mm F/300mm F/300mm F Ef 35Mm F/2 is Usm, and 6L is Usm.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 67mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
TOP 2

Freewell Standard Day - 4K Series

FREEWELL
FW-DFPV-STD
4.10 x 4.00 x 0.90 inches
0.10 pounds

Our Score

4.85

Product Features

Safe gimbal: Freewell Gimbalsafe Technology ensures that each filter frame is put through a rigorous lightweight test, ensuring that your drone gimbal is not harmed.
Unparalleled Optics: Each optic in the Freewell 4K Series is handcrafted to be perfectly compatible with the DJI Fpv Drone.
The following is a list of the items that are included in the package: This Filter Kit, as the name implies, takes care of your needs during a typical day, from cloudy to sunny. It contains Nd4, Nd8, Nd16, and Nd32.
Protection in Storage: A sturdy magnetic filter case is included with each filter kit.
Coating: Scratch-resistant and dustproof The weather-resistant, oil-proof, and color-neutral coating ensures that you get the best image possible when shooting outdoors.
TOP 3

77mm ND Filter,K&F Concept 77mm Ultra Slim ND2-ND400 Fader Variable Neutral Density Adjustable Lens Filter Ultra Slim ND Filter Optical Glass

K&F Concept
DFSKU0129

Our Score

4.75

Product Features

Nd Filter 77Mm (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Microfiber is a type of fiber that is used to make This Professional Microfiber is made from Japanese raw materials, and it is very soft and easy to clean lenses, filters, and mobile phones, among other things.
K is included in this list.
[Professional Design] When Taking Photos, Use Super Slim Original Design To Avoid Vignetting.
Canon Rebel (T5I T4I T3I T3 T2I T1I Xt Xti Xsi Sl1), Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 550D 500D 450D 400D 300D 1100D 1000D 100D), Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 550D 500D 450D 400D 300D 1100D 1000D 100D), Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 600D Ef 24- Is Usm, 105Mm F/4L, Ef 17- Ef 24- 40Mm F/4L Usm, 40Mm F/4L Usm, 40Mm F/4L Usm, 40 Usm is 70mm F/4L, and Ef is 24mm F/1. 4L Ii Usm 4L Ii Usm 4L Ii Usm 4L I
[Note: This 77mm Filter Kit Works With All 77mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
TOP 4

K&F Concept 82mm Fader ND Filter Neutral Density Variable Filter ND2 to ND32

K&F Concept
KF01.1064
0.15 pounds

Our Score

4.7

Product Features

[Images With No X Cross] Say Goodbye To The "X" Cross On Images, K.
Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. The Filter Reduces Light Intake Without Affecting The Color Balance Overall. The Lens Cap/Hood for this 82mm Nd Filter should be 86mm. Due to a package update, both the new and old versions of the product will be sent at random.
Ultra Slim Rim Design Prevents Wide Angle Vignetting [Professional Design] The extra-tough aviation aluminum frame ensures durability and prevents jamming.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 82mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the lens thread size on your camera (usually marked somewhere on the lens barrel or printed beneath the lens cap). A "" (Diameter) Symbol Always Comes Before The Number.
[Nanotec] Our Optical Engineers Created a Waterproof, Scratch-Resistant Nano Coating Layer Technology. Anti-Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Reflective Green Coating Effectively Prevents Oil, Fingerprints, and Scratches, Protecting Your Priceless Lens
TOP 5

K&F Concept 67mm Fader ND Filter Neutral Density Variable Filter ND2 to ND32

K&F Concept
KF01.1061
0.10 pounds

Our Score

4.6

Product Features

[Images With No X Cross] Say Goodbye To The "X" Cross On Images, K.
Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. The Filter Reduces Light Intake Without Affecting The Color Balance Overall. Due to a package update, both the new and old versions of the product will be sent at random.
Ultra Slim Rim Design Prevents Wide Angle Vignetting [Professional Design] The extra-tough aviation aluminum frame ensures durability and prevents jamming.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 67mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the lens thread size on your camera (usually marked somewhere on the lens barrel or printed beneath the lens cap). A "" (Diameter) Symbol Always Comes Before The Number.
[Nanotec] Our Optical Engineers Created a Waterproof, Scratch-Resistant Nano Coating Layer Technology. Anti-Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Reflective Green Coating Effectively Prevents Oil, Fingerprints, and Scratches, Protecting Your Priceless Lens
TOP 6

K&F Concept 58mm ND Fader Variable Neutral Density Adjustable ND Filter ND2 to ND400

K&F Concept
SKU0125
0.11 pounds

Our Score

4.5

Product Features

[Material] Nd Filter with Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable Vari Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Microfiber is a type of fiber that is used to make This Professional Microfiber is made from Japanese raw materials, and it is very soft and easy to clean lenses, filters, and mobile phones, among other things.
K is included in this list.
[Professional Design] When Taking Photos, Use Super Slim Original Design To Avoid Vignetting.
Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 550D 500D 450D 400D 350D 300D 1100D 1000D 100D 60D) With 58Mm Lens Include: Canon Rebel (T5I T4I T3I T3 T2I T1I Xt Xti Xsi Sl1), Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 550D 500D 450D 400D 350D 300D 1100D 1000D 100D 60 Ef- S 18- 55Mm F/3. 6 Ef-Is Ii, Is Ii, Is Ii, Is Ii, Is I S 55- 250°F (4°C) 6 Is Ii, Ef 50Mm F/1, 6 Is Ii, Ef 50Mm F/1, 6 Is Ii, Ef 50 Ef 75- 4 Usm 400mm F/300mm F/300mm F/300mm F/300mm F Iii Usm 6 Iii Usm 6 Iii Usm 6 Iii
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 58mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
TOP 7

Skyreat 1.33x Anamorphic Lens Compatible with Gopro Hero 9 10 Black Action Camera Filmmakers Full Cinematic Video Accessories

Skyreat

Our Score

4.5

Product Features

The Organic Look And Character Of 2: 33X Design is brought to life by 33X Design. Adds a wider screen with black bars on the top and bottom, and uses the Camera App to take next-level photos and videos.
Designed specifically for the Gopro Hero 9/10 Black Action Camera.
This anamorphic lens was created for the Gopro Hero 9 camera. We offer a lifetime warranty on all of our products.
The Anamorphic Lenses are made of optical glass with a CNC-machined frame to reduce reflections, lens glare, and other artifacts for exceptional clarity.
Replace the original lens and rotate the lens to install.
TOP 8

K&F Concept 82mm Variable ND Filter Ultra Slim Fader Variable Neutral Density ND2-ND400 Optical Glass

K&F Concept
82mm ND2-ND400

Our Score

4.4

Product Features

Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Microfiber is a type of fiber that is used to make This Professional Microfiber is made from Japanese raw materials, and it is very soft and easy to clean lenses, filters, and mobile phones, among other things.
K is included in this list.
[Professional Design] When Taking Photos, Use Super Slim Original Design To Avoid Vignetting.
[Compatible Lenses] 82Mm Lenses Include: Sigma 10- 20Mm F/3. 5 , 50- 100Mm F1. 8 mm F/1, 135 mm 8 , 10- 20Mm F/3. Canon Ef 24-70mm f/2.8L IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS IS 70Mm F/2. 16L Ii Usm, 8L II Usm, 8L II Usm, 8L II Usm, 8L 35Mm F/2. 8L Iii Usm 8L Iii Usm 8L Iii Usm 8L
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 82mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
TOP 9

K&F Concept 72mm ND Fader Variable Neutral Density Adjustable ND Filter ND2 to ND400

K&F Concept
SKU0128

Our Score

4.35

Product Features

Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Microfiber is a type of fiber that is used to make This Professional Microfiber is made from Japanese raw materials, and it is very soft and easy to clean lenses, filters, and mobile phones, among other things.
K is included in this list.
[Professional Design] When Taking Photos, Use Super Slim Original Design To Avoid Vignetting.
Canon Rebel (T5I T4I T3I T3 T2I T1I Xt Xti Xsi Sl1), Canon Eos (700D 650D 600D 600D 550D 500D 450D 400D 300D 1100D 1000D 100D) With 72Mm Lens Include: Ef- S 18- F/3, 200 mm. 6 Is, Ef- S 15- 85Mm F/3. Is Usm,Ef 28:6 F/3, 135mm. 6 Is Usm, Ef 85Mm F/1, 6 Is Usm, Ef 85Mm F/1, 6 Is Usm, E Ef 50Mm F/1, 2L Ii Usm. 2L Usm.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 72mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
TOP 10

K&F Concept 77mm Fader ND Filter Neutral Density Variable Filter ND2 to ND32

K&F Concept
KF01.1063
0.13 pounds

Our Score

4.3

Product Features

[Images With No X Cross] Say Goodbye To The "X" Cross On Images, K.
Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. The Filter Reduces Light Intake Without Affecting The Color Balance Overall. The Lens Cap/Hood for this 77mm Nd Filter should be 82mm. Due to a package update, both the new and old versions of the product will be sent at random.
Ultra Slim Rim Design Prevents Wide Angle Vignetting [Professional Design] The extra-tough aviation aluminum frame ensures durability and prevents jamming.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 77mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the lens thread size on your camera (usually marked somewhere on the lens barrel or printed beneath the lens cap). A "" (Diameter) Symbol Always Comes Before The Number.
[Nanotec] Our Optical Engineers Created a Waterproof, Scratch-Resistant Nano Coating Layer Technology. Anti-Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Reflective Green Coating Effectively Prevents Oil, Fingerprints, and Scratches, Protecting Your Priceless Lens
TOP 11

K&F Concept 49mm Slim HD Multi-Coated Variable ND Neutral Density Adjustable ND2 ND4 ND8 to ND400 Lens Filter + Lens Cleaning Cloth

K&F Concept

Our Score

4.25

Product Features

Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Microfiber is a type of fiber that is used to make This Professional Microfiber is made from Japanese raw materials, and it is very soft and easy to clean lenses, filters, and mobile phones, among other things.
K is included in this list.
[Professional Design] When Taking Photos, Use Super Slim Original Design To Avoid Vignetting.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 49mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
TOP 12

NiSi Macro Focusing Rail NM-180

NiSi
498530
9.92 x 4.49 x 2.83 inches
0.97 pounds

Our Score

4.15

Product Features

The Nisi Close Up Lens's Perfect Companion
When shooting macro photography, make sure your camera is in the right position.
Rail Length: Rail Length: Rail Length: Rail Length 180Mm. Range of Adjustment: 160Mm
The Rail Can Be Used Directly On The Tabletop With The Help Of Four Detachable Foot Nails.
Quick-Step Ergonomic Design Plate for the Release: It's simple to lock and unlock the door.
TOP 13

Tiffen 67VND 67mm Variable ND Filter

Tiffen
67VND
5.00 x 1.00 x 5.00 inches
0.25 pounds

Our Score

4.05

Product Features

Ring with a Low Profile: nine millimeters
Controls light levels by 2 to 8 stops
To Help Reduce Vignetting At Wide Angles, A Wider Outer Optic Has Been Added
Tiffen's Color Core Technology is used to create this high-quality optical glass.
Made in the United States of America
TOP 14

K&F Concept 55mm Slim HD Multi-Coated Variable Polarizing Fader ND Neutral Density Adjustable ND2 to ND400 Lens Filter

K&F Concept

Our Score

3.95

Product Features

Note: All 55mm lenses are compatible with this kit. Before ordering, please double-check the size of the lens thread on your camera. The Lens Thread Size of Your Camera Will Be Marked On The Lens Barrel Or Printed Underneath Your Lens Cap. A "" (Diameter) Symbol Is Always Used Before This Number.
This kit contains the following items: K = 55Mm
A Professional Team Created This For Photography Enthusiasts To Provide A Very Exciting Experience. 100% Guaranteed Satisfaction Is Always Always Always Al
High-quality product made of imported optics glass and resin with a high transmittance level. Instead of using a plastic seal ring, use a metal seal ring for better tightness and to avoid falling or becoming loose.
Compatible with Sony Alpha Series (A99, A77, A58, A57, A65, A55, A 390, A100, A33, A900, A850, A700, A500, A330, A300, A230, A200) Dslr Cameras With 18-megapixel Sensors. 55Mm, 75- F/4 at 300mm. 6 x 50 mm F/1 4 Lenses.
TOP 15

Tiffen 77VND 77mm Variable Neutral Density Filter

Tiffen
77VND
3.50 x 1.00 x 3.50 inches
0.26 pounds

Our Score

3.9

Product Features

Rotating Black Ring with a Thin Profile: 9 mm in diameter. Filter Ring Made of Black Aluminum
Depending on the lens focal distance, it can control 2 to 8 stops of light.
To Help Reduce Vignette At Wide Angles, A Wider Outer Optic Is Used.
Sharpness is achieved through the use of high-quality optical glass and Tiffen's Color Core Technology.
Made in the United States of America
TOP 16

Freewell All Day - 4K Series -8Pack ND

FREEWELL

Our Score

3.85

Product Features

Safe gimbal: Every single filter on each drone is designed by freewellgimbalsafetechnology, ensuring that there are no negative effects on the gimbal.
Optics: Freewell4Kseriesopticsprovidestheindustrywiththebestopticspossibleinthedronecategory, outperforming or matching any other brand available.
The following is a list of the items that are included in the package: Freewellalldaykitofferseverythingyoumayeverneedtoshootyourvideoduringdaytimesoitsalastfilterkityouwilleverneed,consistingofnd4/Pl,Nd8/Pl,Nd16/Pl,Nd32/Pl,Nd64/Pl,Cpl,Nd1000,Nd2000Filters
Drones that are compatible: Mavic3,Mavic3Cine, Mavic3Cine, Mavic3Cine, Mavic3
Coating: Freewell sets the standard for optical coating with dustproof, scratch-resistant coating. It is the most high-standard optic on the market because it is resistant, oilproof, and colorneutral.
TOP 17

Skyreat ND Filters for GoPro Hero 9 10 Black 6 Pack

Skyreat

Our Score

3.75

Product Features

Multi- Glass with a protective coating 18 Coating Layers For A Flawless Appearance With Less Lens Flare
Designed specifically for the Gopro Hero 9 Black and Hero 10 Black action cameras.
Before you use the knob, make sure you remove the stock filters.
Filters for Cpl, Nd8, Nd16, Nd32, Nd64, and Nd1000 are included, as well as a small protective hard plastic case.
TOP 18

Tiffen 82VND 82 Millimeter Variable ND Filter

Tiffen
82VND
5.00 x 1.00 x 5.00 inches
0.04 pounds

Our Score

3.75

Product Features

Ring with a Low Profile: nine millimeters
Controls light levels by 2 to 8 stops
To Help Reduce Vignetting At Wide Angles, A Wider Outer Optic Has Been Added
Tiffen's Color Core Technology is used to create this high-quality optical glass.
Made in the United States of America
TOP 19

Freewell All Day - 4K Series

FREEWELL
FW-OP-ALD
4.10 x 3.90 x 0.90 inches

Our Score

3.75

Product Features

Scratch-resistant lens filters with 16 layers of multicoated optical glass Crystal Clarity In Captured Footage Is Ensured By Being Resistant, Waterproof, and Dustproof.
Optical glass with razor sharp edges is used to ensure the best possible images are created for professional use.
The use of a super lightweight CNC ring in the construction process prevents adverse effects on the gimbal.
Easy to Use- Compatible With Osmo Pocket, Pocket 2 and On System For Easier Attaching/Detaching
Nd4, Nd8, Nd16, Cpl, Nd8/Pl, Nd16/Pl, Nd32/Pl, And Nd64/Pl Filters are included in the Freewell Gear All Day Filter Kit.
TOP 20

Freewell All Day - 4K Series -8Pack ND

FREEWELL
4.09 x 4.06 x 0.91 inches
0.26 pounds

Our Score

3.7

Product Features

Gimbalsafe is a term used to describe the safety of a gimba Freewell Gimbalsafe Technology ensures that each filter frame is put through a rigorous lightweight test, ensuring that your drone gimbal is not harmed.
* Optics that are unrivaled: Each of the Freewell 4K Series Optics is handcrafted to be perfectly compatible with the Air 2S Drone.
* What's Included in the Package: The Freewell All Day Kit contains everything you'll ever need to shoot your video during the day, including Nd4/Pl, Nd8/Pl, Nd16/Pl, Nd32/Pl, Nd64/Pl, Cpl, Nd1000, and Nd2000 filters.
* Protection During Storage A sturdy magnetic filter case is included with each filter kit.
* Surface protection: Dustproof, Scratchproof, Oilproof, and Color Neutral Coating Assures You Get The Best Image Possible When Shooting Outside.
TOP 21

K&F Concept 100x100mm Square ND Filter Kit ND1000 + 1x Filter Holder + 8 x Filter Rings

K&F Concept
962304

Our Score

3.65

Product Features

Import Optical Japanesr Agc Glass produces Neutral Density Filters, which are made up of 28 multi-layers of glass. Layer Coatings, Waterproof, Scratch Resistant, Suitable For Adventure Photography
1 X Nd1000 Filter 1 X Metal Filter Holder 8 X Filter Adapter Rings 1 X Filter Case are included in the Square Filter Kit.
There are 8 Filter Rings Adapter, which include 49Mm/52Mm/ 58Mm/ 62Mm/ 67Mm/ 72Mm/ 77Mm/ 82Mm, allowing you to use the Nd Filter on a variety of camera lens sizes.
A Professional Team Created This For Photography Enthusiasts To Provide A Very Exciting Experience. 100% Guaranteed Satisfaction Is Always Always Always Al
Metal filter holder that allows for creative light correction and special effects. To take beautiful, colorful photos, simply slide in different filters.
TOP 22

K&F Concept 72mm Fader ND Filter Neutral Density Variable Filter ND2 to ND32

K&F Concept
KF01.1062
0.11 pounds

Our Score

3.65

Product Features

[Images With No X Cross] Say Goodbye To The "X" Cross On Images, K.
Nd Filter (Material): Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. The Filter Reduces Light Intake Without Affecting The Color Balance Overall. Due to a package update, both the new and old versions of the product will be sent at random.
Ultra Slim Rim Design Prevents Wide Angle Vignetting [Professional Design] The extra-tough aviation aluminum frame ensures durability and prevents jamming.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 72mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the lens thread size on your camera (usually marked somewhere on the lens barrel or printed beneath the lens cap). A "" (Diameter) Symbol Always Comes Before The Number.
[Nanotec] Our Optical Engineers Created a Waterproof, Scratch-Resistant Nano Coating Layer Technology. Anti-Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Reflective Green Coating Effectively Prevents Oil, Fingerprints, and Scratches, Protecting Your Priceless Lens
TOP 23

TELESIN 4-Pack Lens Filter CPL ND8 ND16 ND32

TELESIN

Our Score

3.6

Product Features

Made of High-Quality Multi-Functional Materials Coated Optical Glass, High Definition Glass, and Precise Machine Tooling Provide Crystal Clear Footage and a Secure Fit.
Telesin Cpl Nd 8 Nd 16 Nd 32 Lens Fitler Kit, Specifically Designed For The Gopro Hero 10 Hero 9 Black Camera
Nd Filters Give You More Control Over The Aperture, Exposure Time, And Sensor Sensitivity Settings On Your Camera, Giving You The Freedom To Create Your Own Work. It Assists You In Reducing The Amount Of Light That Enters The Sensor. Washed-out photos are no longer a problem thanks to Nd filters.
Over 99.9% Transmittance 5% Doesn't Reduce Image Quality, Ultra-High Definition Photography Vignetting is avoided by using a thin glass design.
The Cpl Filter reduces unwanted reflections such as scattered light in the air, metal reflections, and water reflections by allowing only parallel light to pass through, increasing color saturation and creating deep, rich scenic images.
TOP 24

K&F Concept 52mm Fader ND Filter Neutral Density Variable Filter ND2 to ND32

K&F Concept
KF01.1058
0.06 pounds

Our Score

3.55

Product Features

[Material] Neutral Density: 52Mm Instead of using optical resin, completed professional optical glasses were used. Filter reduces light intake without changing the overall color balance, and there is no color cast.
Say Goodbye To The Darkness Cross On Images, K. [No Dark Cross] Due to a package update, both the new and old versions of the product will be sent at random.
Ultra Slim Rim Design Prevents Wide Angle Vignetting [Professional Design] The extra-tough aviation aluminum frame ensures durability and prevents jamming. Also incompatible are lens caps and hoods.
[Note: This Filter Kit Works With All 52mm Lenses.] Before ordering, please double-check the lens thread size on your camera (usually marked somewhere on the lens barrel or printed beneath the lens cap). A "" (Diameter) Symbol Always Comes Before The Number.
Our Optical Engineers Created a New Nano Coating Layer Technology that is Waterproof and Scratch-Resistant. Anti-Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Resistant, Protect your valuable lenses with a reflective green coating that effectively repels oil, fingerprints, and scratches.